How White Light Breaks Into Colors Through a Prism

What colors does white light disperse into when it enters a prism?

• A. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
• B. Red, blue, yellow
• C. Green, orange, violet
• D. Blue, indigo, yellow, orange

Answer: (A)

When white light passes through a prism, it undergoes a phenomenon known as dispersion. Dispersion occurs because different colors of light are refracted by different amounts as they enter and exit the prism, leading to the separation of light into its constituent colors. The spectrum of visible light consists of seven distinct colors, which are commonly remembered by the acronym ROYGBIV: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. When white light is refracted through a prism, it splits into these colors, creating a rainbow effect. This behavior is due to the varying wavelengths of different colors; shorter wavelengths (like violet and blue) are refracted more than longer wavelengths (like red). As a result, you can observe a continuous spectrum when the light exits the prism, displaying all these colors in the correct sequence. Recognizing this spectrum is foundational in understanding both optics and the nature of light, making the first choice the correct one.

When you think about light, you might picture a sunny day or perhaps a vibrant rainbow. But did you know that when white light hits a prism, it does something magical? It breaks into a beautiful array of colors! This phenomenon is known as dispersion, and it’s a key concept in both physics and optics.

Let’s dig a little deeper into what happens when white light enters a prism. You see, light is made up of different colors, and each color has its own wavelength. When light passes into a prism—typically made of glass or acrylic—each color bends or refracts at a slightly different angle. So what do we see? A stunning spectrum of colors emerging from the other side! The colors, famously remembered by the acronym ROYGBIV—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet—each dance into view as white light transforms into a rainbow.

Now, why does this happen? That’s a great question! It all comes down to the wavelengths of light. Think of it like a group of friends running through a door: if some are taller and need more space, they might squeeze through slower than shorter friends. In terms of light, shorter wavelengths (like violet and blue) refract more than longer wavelengths (like red). This difference in refraction creates that beautiful display of colors as they exit the prism in the correct order.

Understanding this spectacle is pretty fundamental if you’re studying physics or optics. You see, numerous applications and technologies—like rainbows in nature, the colors we perceive, or even the way light behaves in different materials—stem from this basic principle of light dispersion.

Moreover, learning about light and its transformation can also lead to fascinating discussions about colors' emotional impact. For instance, think about how different colors like red and blue can evoke distinct feelings. Isn’t it interesting how something as simple as light can lead us to explore both science and human experience?

So, if you ever find yourself with a prism or even a raindrop on a sunny day, take a moment to watch as the colors appear. It's not just a physics lesson; it's a chance to witness a little slice of scientific magic unfolding before your eyes.